Job 36:13

“The hypocrites in heart heap up wrath!”

Sufferings are to the soul what the furnace is to gold—they serve to ascertain the measure of its purity or its corruption. If under the pressure of them we humble ourselves before God, and correct whatever we may find to have been amiss, they will promote at once the renovation of our nature, and the honour of him by whose gracious providence they are laid upon us. But, if we murmur at them, and rebel against our God, they will betray a heart

unsound and hypocritical.

As to the measure of temporal advantage that shall accrue to those who patiently endure the Lord’s will, or to the temporal miseries that shall be sustained by hypocrites, we apprehend that Elihu, as well as the three friends of Job, was, though in a less measure than they, mistaken. But as to the eternal consequences of uprightness or hypocrisy, Elihu was perfectly correct, “The hypocrites in heart heap up wrath!”

This expression is deserving of the most attentive consideration. But so to delineate the hypocrisy of the heart, as neither to encourage an undue confidence by distinctions that are inadequate, nor to wound the feelings of the upright by too refined distinctions, is a work of great difficulty. We will however, in dependence on God’s help, attempt it; and will proceed to describe,

I. The characters here mentioned.

The heart is the seat of both uprightness and hypocrisy:

The upright are “the upright in heart.”

The hypocrites are “the hypocrites in heart.”

Of those whose hypocrisy is gross and glaring, we shall forbear to speak of at present, except to point out two most extraordinary instances:

Ishmael in Jeremiah 41:2-7 (his weeping); and

Johanan in Jeremiah 42:1-6; Jeremiah 42:20.

We will rather draw your attention to:

1. Those whose religion is formal and ostentatious.

The religion of many consists in an outward respect for certain forms, which, though not necessary in themselves, they think it expedient to observe, in order to maintain a reputation for piety, and to set a good example to the baser orders of the community. Different degrees of strictness obtain among them in relation to these things; some of a more zealous cast, say, as it were, “Come, and see my zeal for the Lord!” While others are contented with the round of duties, to satisfy their own consciences, and to enable them to say, “What more do I lack?” But in all this there is nothing of regard for God; it is hypocrisy altogether; and hence our blessed Lord, speaking of such characters, says, “You hypocrites, well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying, This people draw near unto me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me! Matthew 15:7-8. Matthew 6:1-8.”

2. Those whose religion is partial and temporary.

Certain occasions sometimes arise to excite men to diligence in seeking after God; and, if the making of some particular sacrifices would suffice, they would willingly pay the price. But to “follow the Lord fully,” to give up themselves to him without reserve, to “be steadfast and immoveable, and always abounding in the work of the world”—this is more than they can consent to; and, when required to do these things, they, like the Rich Youth in the Gospel, renounce all hope in Christ, rather than forego the things to which their carnal hearts are more attached.

Under the pressure of some heavy affliction, they are like men in a storm; who will rather throw overboard their provisions and the tackling of the ship, than allow the ship to sink. But they do not cast out their sins on account of the hatred they bear to them, but only from an apprehension, that, if not cast away, their sins will operate to the destruction of their souls. But when the storm is over, they will be as ready as ever to return to their former sinful habits.

But all this argues an unsoundness of principle, and proceeds from hypocrisy in the heart. So the Scriptures uniformly declare, Hosea 5:15; Hosea 6:4; Hosea 7:16. Isaiah 26:16. Psalm 78:34-37.Matthew 13:18. See especially Job 27:8-10; and so it will assuredly be found in the last day Matthew 7:22-23.

3. Those whose religion is weak and ineffectual.

The object of all religion is to renew and sanctify the soul; and if it does not produce this effect—then it is of no avail. The delivering us from gross immoralities is but half its work; it must purge the soul from all allowed evil, of whatever kind it be. If our religion does not prevail so as to to overcome our high thoughts of ourselves, Habakkuk 2:4, and uncharitable censures of others, Matthew 7:3-5; if it does not enable us to govern and control our tongues, James 1:26, and indeed to rescue us from the dominion of every known sin—then we are under a delusion, and deceive ourselves to our eternal ruin! Mark 9:43-48.

It matters not how high our pretensions may have been, or how exalted our reputation; the mask will at last be taken from our face, and our punishment will be proportioned to the hypocrisy of our hearts, Job 20:4-7 with 33:14.

The stony-ground hearers are not saved by their transient joys; nor are the thorny-ground hearers accepted on account of their stinted fruits; those alone approve themselves truly upright, who bring forth fruit unto perfection, and “have respect unto all the commandments, Matthew 13:19-23. Psalm 119:6.”

Little are such characters aware, what is indeed,

II. Their melancholy employment.

Every sinner may properly be said to be “treasuring up wrath against the day of wrath, Romans 2:5;” but this is more particularly the case with hypocrites; because,

1. Their sins are more heinous than those of others.

They are more insulting to the Majesty of God. The sins of all are heinous, inasmuch as they trample on the authority of God; but hypocrites pour contempt upon God! They say, in their hearts, ‘Tush, God shall not see, “the thick clouds are a covering to him;” he cannot discern good from evil, but may be imposed on, like any of us.’ But how offensive must such thoughts be to the heart-searching God! and how greatly must they aggravate the guilt of any sins committed by us!

They are also more injurious to the honor of God. Those who make no profession of religion may do what they will, and God is not dishonored any farther than as his authority is set at nothing; but when a man pretending to be religious manifests his hypocrisy, the world cries out against God himself, “blaspheming his holy name, 2 Samuel 12:14,” and calumniating his blessed Gospel, 2 Peter 2:2.

Sins of hypocrisy are also more destructive to our fellow-creatures. Sins committed by others, pass unheeded; but sins committed by hypocrites, are made stumbling-blocks to the whole world. It is surprising how the ungodly triumph on such occasions; ‘There, there, so would we have it! they are all hypocrites alike; religion is only an empty name; and they are most honest and most to be depended on, who discard it altogether!’

Thus the sins of hypocrites are really more aggravated as to their guilt than others, and therefore they entail a heavier condemnation on those who commit them!

2. Their best actions, as well as their worst, only increase their guilt before God.

If they come into the house of God, and offer the most costly sacrifices, they still only heap up wrath against the day of wrath, Proverbs 21:27. God abhors their very best services, Isaiah 1:11-15, and accounts them no better than “the cutting off a dog’s head, or offering him swine’s blood Isaiah 66:3.”

Their most common actions also, which have no reference to religion, are hateful to him, “the very ploughing of the wicked is sin! Proverbs 21:4.”

Thus wherever they are, and whatever they do, they are only swelling the number of their sins, and treasuring up for themselves a more accumulated load of misery to all eternity!

Unhappy people! they think, perhaps, or may even be confident, that all is well with them; while yet their one employment is to add sin to sin in this world, and misery to misery in the world to come! And hence the portion of hypocrites is represented as that which is more terrible than any that will be assigned to any other class of sinners whatever! Matthew 24:51.

Inferences:

1. What great need there is for self-examination!

This is the improvement which God himself teaches us to make of this subject, Galatians 6:3-5. O search and try yourselves with all possible care. Knowing how deceitful the heart is, beg of God to “search and try it” for you, that you may “see if there be any wicked way in you, and may be led in the way everlasting! Psalm 139:23-24.”

2. How earnestly should we pray for the renewing and sanctifying influences of the Holy Spirit!

So did David in Psalm 51:10; and so should we do. The old nature, however corrected, is corrupt still; we must be “created anew in Christ Jesus,” and “be renewed in the spirit of our minds.” To “take away the heart of stone, and to give us hearts of flesh,” is God’s work. O cry to him for it; and be not satisfied with “a name to live, while you are really dead” lest, like the Foolish Virgins in Matthew 25, you be found destitute of that grace which can alone prepare you for the coming of the heavenly Bridegroom.

3. How blessed are those who have experienced a saving work of grace in their souls!

These are accepted in all that they do; their prayers, their tears, their sighs, their groans, yes, their very thoughts—are all recorded in the book of God’s remembrance, and shall be brought forth to augment the eternal weight of glory provided for them! Psalm 15:1-2 with Malachi 3:16-17.

You, then, who are cleaving with full purpose of heart unto the Lord, and striving really to glorify him in all things, rejoice in the prospects that are before you; and “keep your hearts with all diligence,” that you may be found “Israelites indeed, in whom is no deceit,” and “may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God.”

Charles Simeon

Job 35:14

“Although you say you shall not see him—yet judgment is before him; therefore trust in him.”

In controversy there is need of the utmost fairness; nor can we ever hope for a favorable outcome without fairness. The friends of Job were grievously defective in it; and therefore utterly failed, either to convince him, or to be convinced themselves.

Elihu, who was an attentive auditor of the dispute, and who, on account of his youth, judged it indecorous to offer his opinions until he saw that his elders were silenced, took up the matter with incomparably better temper and judgment, and, instead of bringing railing and unfounded accusations as the others had done, called Job’s attention to many expressions he had used, and endeavored to convince him out of his own mouth. This was wise, and well adapted to the end proposed; and it is observable, that when God reproved the manner in which the other three had conducted the controversy, he said nothing to the disparagement of Elihu, nor required any sacrifice on his account.

It is certain that Job, though far from being a hypocrite, as his friends had represented him, had not always spoken quite advisedly with his lips. His self-justification had been occasionally too strong, and his complaints of God’s conduct towards him had been somewhat irreverent; he had yielded also too much to despondency. He had complained that he could not understand God’s dealings with him, and that he had no hope or prospect of deliverance from his troubles, Job 23:8-9.

This is noticed by Elihu in the words before us; and the proper remedy for such desponding fears is pointed out to him, “Although you say you shall not see him—yet judgment is before him; therefore trust in him.” That is: place in God that confidence he deserves; and all will yet be well.

From the words thus explained, we shall be led to consider,

I. The source of desponding fears.

There is far more of despondency in men than is generally supposed. Perhaps despondency is, as much as any other thing whatever, a ground of their continuing impenitent in their sins.

The ostensible ground of men’s fears is usually a sense of the extreme difficulty of their case.

Thus it was with Israel at the Red Sea, at the waters of Marah, at the borders of Canaan also, when the spies represented the cities as impregnable, and the inhabitants as irresistible. Thus it was even with the pious Hezekiah, when his sickness appeared to be unto death, Isaiah 38:10-13.

And thus it is with multitudes among ourselves, who imagine that their circumstances are so calamitous, as to be beyond the reach of any remedy. More particularly is this the case with people under spiritual trouble—they are apt to imagine that their sins are unpardonable, and that their corruptions are too inveterate ever to be subdued.

The real ground for their despondency, is a low apprehension of the perfections of their God.

This is the interpretation which God himself puts on the unbelieving fears of his people. When Sarah laughed at the promise made to her, the answer was, “Is there anything too hard for the Lord?” The complaint of God against the unbelieving Israelites was, that “they limited the Holy One of Israel.” In fact, a just view of God’s perfections would silence all fears; for if his wisdom, his power, his love, his faithfulness are really infinite—then we have nothing to do but to repose our confidence in him, and we are safe!

But it is a small thing to know the source of desponding fears, unless we apply,

II. The remedy for desponding fears.

This is prescribed in the words of our text:

1. Contemplate God.

What we are to understand by that expression, “Judgment is before him,” may be ascertained by consulting a similar passage in the prophet Isaiah, Isaiah 30:18. He will do nothing but what is right and good; nor will he omit anything which it befits him to do.

Consider what he has done in a way of power and grace; and is he not the same God as ever?

Consider what he has engaged to do: Is there anything that we can need, which is not made over to us by an express promise? Has he not said:

that “his grace shall be sufficient for us;”

that “we shall have no temptation without a way to escape;”

that “as our day is, so shall our strength be;”

that “he will give grace and glory, and withhold no good thing” from his believing people?

“Has he then said these things, and will he not do them? Has he spoken, and will he not make them good?”

Consider, above all, the gift of his only dear Son! If so, then what else will he, or can he, withhold from us? “He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? Romans 8:32.””You have been a refuge for the poor, a refuge for the needy in his distress, a shelter from the storm and a shade from the heat! Isaiah 25:4.”

Did we but duly consider his glorious perfections as already exercised for his people, and as specially pledged to be exercised for us—we would never entertain a doubt of his constant and effectual care. “His name would be to us as a strong tower, to which we should run and be safe.”

2. Trust in him.

“Those who know his name will trust in him;” and to trust in him is the certain way to dissipate all fear. See how a confidence in God operated in the case of David, Psalm 46:1-3; Psalm 11:1-4; and the same effect will it produce in us, “if we commit our ways to him, our very thoughts” (which are by nature fluctuating as the wind) “shall be established.”

This, then, is what we must do; we must “cast all our care on Him who cares for us.” It is the very direction which God himself gives to “those who walk in darkness and have no light, Isaiah 50:10;” and if we follow this direction, “God will keep us in perfect peace, Isaiah 26:3;” and we shall be as Mount Zion, which cannot be removed, but stands fast forever! Psalm 125:1.”

ADDRESS.

1. To those who overlook their difficulties.

This is the habit of men in general; and hence it is that they are so much at their ease. But it is no easy matter to turn to God aright. To repent and to believe in Christ, are works far beyond the ability of man; nor can any man do either the one or the other, but by the influence of the Holy Spirit! Acts 5:31. Philippians 1:29. O let this be duly weighed! Let us remember, that “we cannot even say that Jesus is the Lord,” (that is, we cannot feelingly and believingly say it) “but by the Holy Spirit, 1 Corinthians 12:3;” and let us not delay one hour to seek his effectual aid.

2. To those who unduly magnify their difficulties.

We certainly magnify our difficulties too much, when we deem them insuperable; for “the things that are impossible with man, are possible with God.” See the state of Jonah in the whale’s belly—could any condition be conceived more hopeless? Yet from thence did he cry; and his prayer entered into the ears of the Lord Almighty! Jonah 2:1-7.

Just so, let us “never stagger at the promises of God through unbelief, but be strong in faith, giving glory to God, Romans 4:20.” The greater our difficulties, let our application to him be the more earnest, and our expectations of his gracious interposition be the more enlarged, “Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen your heart, all you that hope in the Lord! Psalm 31:24.”

Charles Simeon

Job 35:9-10

“Men cry out under a load of oppression; they plead for relief from the arm of the powerful. But no one says, ‘Where is God my Maker, who gives songs in the night.'”

In investigating so deep a mystery as what is generally called the doctrine of the Trinity, we ought, beyond all doubt, to look for clear and solid ground whereon to found our judgment; and happily there is ample proof, throughout the whole Scriptures, that, though there is but one God, there is in the Godhead a distinction of persons, who are severally revealed to us as possessing all the attributes of Deity. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, are represented as concurring in the great work of Redemption:

the Father sending his Son into the world;

the Son laying down his life for us;

and the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Father and the Son, to apply that redemption to our souls.

This distinction is especially recognized by every one who is received into the Christian Church; every one being, by the express command of Christ himself, baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

In so important a doctrine as this we may reasonably expect to find that, though the clear and full manifestation of it might be reserved for the Messiah, some intimations of it should be given from the beginning of the world.

Accordingly, we find that, at the very creation of man, the Sacred Three consulted, if I may so speak, with each other, in reference to this matter, “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, Genesis 1:26.”

Again, when man had fallen, and the punishment denounced against transgression was to be inflicted on him, the same concert between them is marked, “And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil, Genesis 3:22.”

In like manner, when, after the Deluge, the inhabitants of the earth were devising a plan for their own consolidation and aggrandizement, and God determined to defeat it, the language used by Jehovah on the occasion was precisely similar, “But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. The LORD said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other, Genesis 11:5-7.”

Moreover, in many passages where God is mentioned, his name is put in the plural number; as when it is said, “Remember your Creator in the days of your youth,” it is in the original, “Remember your Creators Ecclesiastes 12:1.” And the noun thus plural is often united to a singular verb; thus it is said, “Your Makers are your husband Isaiah 54:5;” and again in my text, “None says, Where is God, my Makers?”

The particular occasion on which my text was spoken seems to have been this: All of Job’s friends interpreted his expressions in a way more unfavorable than truth or equity required. Elihu, after doing this in numerous instances, specifies, as a further proof of Job’s supposed impiety, that he had complained of God, as not attending to the cry of the oppressed, either in his own case or in that of others, alluding probably to what Job had said in chapter 24:12, in reference to others; and in 19:7 and 30:20, in reference to himself. In answer to which, Elihu says, that this arose from the people themselves, who under their troubles complained and murmured, but never, in a befitting manner, inquired after God, to seek relief from him.

Now, in this answer, as containing a general and a very important truth, Elihu marks, in very strong characters, the impiety and folly of ungodly men; but, in the answer, as intimating also a plurality of persons in the Godhead, there is an extraordinary force, which places their guilt in a most aggravated point of view.

That we may exhibit this truth in its just light, we shall proceed to mark distinctly the impiety and folly of ungodly men.

I. The impiety of the wicked.

The assertion must, of course, be limited to unconverted men; but of all classes of them, without exception, it is true. Paul, showing that all, whether Jews or Gentiles, are alike under sin, cites a variety of passages to prove his point, and which fully prove also the declaration in my text, “As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one! Romans 3:10-12.” As humiliating as this description of human nature is, it is strictly true!

1. No unconverted man has a proper sense of his duty to God.

Men will acknowledge that there is a Supreme Being; and that they owe him allegiance as their Creator and Governor; but practically they pay no regard to his authority whatever. His Law is no law to them; they take no pains to ascertain his will; and, if it is stated to them as the rule of their conduct, they pour contempt upon it, and determine to regulate themselves by a standard of their own! The language of their hearts is, “Our lips are our own; who is Lord over us? Psalm 12:4.” “As for the word which is spoken to us in the name of the Lord, we will not obey it! Jeremiah 44:16;” but we will certainly do whatever comes into our own mind, and “every one of us will walk after the imagination of his own evil heart! Jeremiah 18:12.” “We know not the Lord; neither will we obey his voice! Exodus 5:2.”

If this statement appears too strong, look around you, and see where you can find people truly and abidingly influenced by the fear of God. Truly, whatever appearance of that principle there may be in some who are more religiously inclined, the true vital principle itself is found in none but those who have been “renewed in the spirit of their minds” by the power of the Holy Spirit! Ephesians 4:23.

2. No unconverted man has a proper dependence on God.

As men will acknowledge the existence of God, so will they, in words, confess his providence also. But who receives everything as from God? Who looks to him to order everything in his behalf! Who realizes the idea that not a sparrow falls to the ground without the special appointment of God? Who has not his attention so fixed on second causes, as almost to overlook the First great Cause of all? It is undeniable that men are universally “leaning to their own understanding,” or “making flesh their arm,” or “saying to the fine gold: You are my confidence;” and that, to be satisfied with all that God does, and, in the absence of all human help, to trust simply and confidently in him, is an attainment far out of the reach of the natural man, whoever he may be.

3. No unconverted man has a proper desire after God.

Where do we ever hear the language of the Psalmist? “O God, you are my God, earnestly I seek you; my soul thirsts for you, my body longs for you, in a dry and weary land where there is no water. I have seen you in the sanctuary and beheld your power and your glory! Psalm 63:1-2.” Does “the hunted deer, panting after the water-brooks, justly represent the desires of men’s souls for God? Psalm 42:1-2.” Does their delight in his Word, or their earnestness in prayer, or their contempt of all sublunary good—evince that God is indeed the chief object of their desire? Where shall we find the people who can with truth make that appeal to God, “Whom have I in Heaven but you? And there is none upon earth that I desire besides you! Psalm 73:25.”

The truth is, that they are content to live “without God in the world, Ephesians 2:12;” that “he is not in all their thoughts, Psalm 10:4;” and that, if they were to be assured that there was no such Being in existence, it would give them no concern at all; they would sleep as soundly, and eat their food as pleasantly, and spend the morrow as cheerfully—as if no such information had been given to them. Yes, rather, instead of occasioning them any pain, it would accord with what God himself declares to be the wish of their hearts, “The fool has said in his heart: No God for me! Psalm 14:1.”

A more distinct view of our text will further exhibit to us,

II. The folly of the wicked.

It is the peculiar prerogative of God to “give songs in the night”.

This is the office, and this the blessed employment, of each person in the Sacred Trinity.

The Father, as the source and fountain of all good, is, to all who seek him, a “God of grace, and of all consolation,” “forgiving all their sins, healing all their spiritual maladies, redeeming their lives from destruction, and crowning them with mercy and loving-kindness.”

The Lord Jesus Christ as our Great High-Priest, sprinkles his own precious blood on the soul of the repenting sinner, and “gives him beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness.”

The Holy Spirit also will descend and dwell in the contrite soul, to revive and comfort it; with those also who are bowed down through manifold temptations, to support them with great might, and to make them victorious over all their enemies.

Indeed our Triune God assumes to himself that endearing name, “The God who comforts all those who are cast down, 2 Corinthians 7:6.” There is no tribulation so heavy, but he can make our consolations to abound above all our afflictions, 2 Corinthians 1:4-5. Behold Paul and Silas when in prison, their backs torn with scourges, and their feet made fast in the stocks; that was certainly to them a night of deep affliction. Yet, so far were they from being dejected, that “at midnight, with a loud voice, they sang praises to their God, insomuch that all who were in the prison heard them, Acts 16:25.” And thus will God support all his afflicted people; he will cause “light to arise unto them in darkness,” yes, and in the darkest night, “will himself be a light unto them.”

But where besides, shall we find one who can do this? As for “the gods of the Heathen, they cannot do either good or evil;” and all the creatures in the universe are no better than “broken cisterns which can hold no water!” With God alone “is the fountain of life; and in his light alone shall we see light, Psalm 36:9.”

Yet this consideration wholly insufficient to stir up their desires after God.

Though God would be a Father unto them, and treat them as his sons and daughters—they will not seek his face.

And though the Lord Jesus Christ would wash away their sins, and clothe them in the robe of his own unspotted righteousness—they will not follow after him.

And, though the Holy Spirit would accomplish in them the whole work of salvation—they will not implore his gracious influences.

The vanities of time and sense they will seek with avidity; but after God they will not inquire, nor will they use the appointed means to obtain his favor!

Now, what extreme folly is this! For however long their day of prosperity may be—there must come at last a night of affliction; since “man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward!” But what will they do when the night shall arrive? To whom will they flee for support? Where will they find any solid consolation? Even “in the midst of their sufficiency, they are in straits;” and “in the midst of laughter, their heart is in heaviness.”

What, then, will they do, when all created comforts shall vanish, and God himself shall frown upon them! What will they have to comfort them in a time of sickness? What will they do under the guilt of an accusing conscience, and under the apprehensions of God’s impending wrath! What comforters will they find then? Who will brighten their prospects then? Whatever satisfactions they may have found in the day of prosperity, who will give them songs in the night of affliction?

Above all, who will console them under the loss of Heaven? Who will administer to them one drop of water to cool their tongue in Hell? Truly, the neglect of God, who is the only and the all-sufficient source of all good, is nothing short of madness itself! As it is said, “Madness is in their heart while they live; and, after that, they go to the dead! Ecclesiastes 9:3.”

ADDRESS.

1. To those who are yet in the sunshine of prosperity.

You, under your present circumstances, feel no need of God; and you can sing, as it were, all the day long. But will the night of affliction never come? Will the period never arrive when you shall say, ‘Oh that I had God for my Friend! Oh that I had God for my Portion!’ You cannot but know that this time must come; and that, if your day closes before the Sun of Righteousness has arisen upon you, it would have been better for you never to have been born.

Why, then, will you delay to seek the Lord?

Why will you not turn, and inquire early after God?

Why will you not be as wise for eternity as others are for the concerns of time?

You see people anxious enough to provide for their bodily wants; why will you not be careful for your souls?

Were God held forth to you only as a Governor and a Judge, you would need no further inducement to seek his favor; for you cannot but know that “it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God!”

But when God is set forth to you under the endearing characters of a Father, a Savior, a Comforter—then how can you withstand his invitations to accept of mercy? Hear how he himself expostulates with you on your impiety and folly, “You of this generation, consider the word of the LORD: “Have I been a desert to Israel or a land of great darkness? Why do my people say, ‘We are free to roam; we will come to you no more’? Jeremiah 2:31.”

Dear brethren, delay not any longer to turn unto your God; provoke him not utterly to depart from you, and to “swear in his wrath that you shall never enter into his rest!” But “Seek the LORD while he may be found; call on him while he is near. Let the wicked forsake his way and the evil man his thoughts. Let him turn to the LORD, and he will have mercy on him, and to our God, for he will freely pardon! Isaiah 55:6-7.”

2. To those who are in the night-season of adversity.

Tell me, Beloved, whether, on a supposition that you have truly sought the Lord, you have not found him, “a very present help in the time of trouble?” Has he not been ready to hear your every prayer, and to supply your every need? Has not the light of his countenance been abundantly sufficient to turn all your sorrows into joy? Has he not enabled you even to “rejoice in tribulation,” yes, and to “take pleasure” in the heaviest calamities, because of the augmented consolations and supports which they have been the means of bringing into your soul? 2 Corinthians 12:10. You, then, are witnesses for God, that he “gives songs in the night,” and that he is worthy of all possible love and adoration and praise. This is the state in which the Lord’s people should be.

When you can say, as his Church of old, “In the way of your judgments, O Lord, have we waited for you; the desire of our soul is to your name, and to the remembrance of you; with my soul have I desired you in the night; and with my spirit within me will I seek you early,”—then it is well with your soul. Whatever your outward circumstances may be, you are, and must be, happy; no increase of corn or wine or oil could put such gladness into your hearts as that which you experience in the light of your Redeemer’s countenance!

Go on, then, and “let your light shine more and more unto the perfect day.” And may “the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ your Savior, and the love of God your Father, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit your Comforter,” yes, may all the richest communications of our Triune God, be ever with you! Amen and Amen.

Charles Simeon

Job 34:29

“When He gives quietness, who then can make trouble?

When He hides His face, who then can behold Him?”

God orders and appoints all things throughout the universe! Nations are not so mighty as not to need his superintending care, nor are any individuals so insignificant as to be disregarded by him.

The words immediately following the text show that the text itself is equally applicable to nations or to individuals. The history of the Jews is a striking commentary on them in the former view. The experience of every man attests the truth of them in the latter view. Waving the less profitable consideration of the text, we observe,

I. None can trouble those whom God comforts.

God is pleased to bestow peculiar quietness on his redeemed people.

He sprinkles their souls with the blood of his dear Son, Hebrews 10:22; hence they enjoy peace with God, and in their own consciences, Romans 5:1. By his Holy Spirit also he sheds abroad his love in their hearts, Romans 5:5; hence they maintain a filial confidence towards him, Romans 8:15-16. Moreover he convinces them of his own continual care over them, Romans 8:28; hence their minds are established in the most trying circumstances, Job 5:19-24.

This quietness which God grants to his redeemed people, is widely different from the false peace enjoyed by the world.

There is a kind of peace possessed even by the ungodly, Luke 11:21, but it flows only from inconsiderateness or delusion; it vanishes as soon as light breaks in upon the soul; hence the wicked cannot be said to enjoy true and solid peace, Isaiah 57:21.

But the peace of God’s people consists in a resignation to his will, trust in his promises, assurance of his love, and an expectation of his glory; hence the Apostle speaks of it in the most exalted terms! Philippians 4:7.

When God grants his peace to the souls of his redeemed people—then none can effectually trouble them.

The question is much stronger than the strongest affirmation; it is a triumphant challenge to the whole universe It is not said here that none will endeavor to trouble the true believer; for it is certain that both the world and Satan will exert all their influence for this end; 2 Timothy 3:12. 1 Peter 5:8. Nor is it said that God’s children shall never have cause for trouble, for they are liable to pain, sickness, etc. as much as others. But it is affirmed, that none shall greatly or materially trouble them; and this assertion is verified by daily experience.

They who enjoy God’s presence may disregard the pressures of poverty, Habakkuk 3:17-18; nor will they be discouraged by the persecutions of man, or the temptations of Satan, 2 Corinthians 12:9-10. Every child of God therefore may adopt the Apostle’s words in Romans 8:31, “If God is for us, then who can be against us?” He may assume the triumphant language of Messiah himself in Isaiah 1:7-9.

On the other hand, God’s determinations are irresistible also with respect to his enemies, so that:

II. None can comfort those whom God troubles.

Though God does not leave it in the power of creatures to trouble his people, he does not see fit altogether to exempt them from trouble. He sometimes, for wise and gracious reasons, hides his face from them.

David had frequent occasion to lament the loss of God’s presence, Psalm 30:7; Psalm 13:1. It was a subject of complaint with the Church of old, Isaiah 49:14. Even our Lord himself cried out by reason of sorrow, Matthew 27:46. There is therefore a solemn propriety in the prophet’s address to God, Isaiah 45:15.

Nor can any comfort the ungodly at such seasons. The last clause of the text admits of two different interpretations; it may import, either that none can behold God with comfort, when he hides his face from them. Or, that if God hides his face from anyone, men will no longer look upon him, or at least that they cannot so look upon him as to impart comfort to him. The sense we adopt includes both: God will not, and men cannot, comfort those from whom God hides his face.

Job speaks of himself as quite disconsolate under the hidings of God’s face, Job 3:23-24. David also describes the anguish of his heart on a similar occasion, Psalm 102:1-11; and universal experience confirms the truth of Job’s assertion, Job 12:14.

The wicked, however, are more awfully exposed to these tokens of God’s displeasure.

They are now indeed, for the most part, insensible of God’s absence from them; but at the hour of death they will feel the whole weight of his indignation! Romans 2:8-9. God will then assuredly hide his face from them, and bid them to depart from him! Deuteronomy 32:20. “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels! Matthew 25:41.”

And who can comfort them, when they are in such an awful state?

Sinners even here on earth are often made utterly inconsolable. This is clearly exemplified in Judas, Matthew 27:3-5; but, in the eternal world, God himself will afford them no comfort. The angels will certainly administer none. The angels will rather be the executioners of God’s vengeance, Matthew 13:41; nor can their fellow-creatures help them in the least. Their wicked companions will only increase their misery, as may be inferred from the solicitude which the Rich Man manifested respecting the probable condemnation of his five brethren, Luke 16:27-28; and the righteous will not afford them so much as a drop of water to cool their tongue! Luke 16:24-25. They cannot derive any comfort from reflections on the past; nor can they find consolation in their prospects of the future. Thus can they find no comfort from without, or from within.

APPLICATION.

1. To those who are seeking rest and quietness in the world.

How poor a portion is the world, in comparison with God! How absurd would it appear if anyone should affirm of the world what is here affirmed respecting God.

Should anyone ask, ‘If the world comforts me, who can trouble me?’

We answer, without fear of contradiction, ‘Conscience, if awakened by God, may trouble you. Pain and sickness may disquiet you. The prospect of death may appal you. And, above all, the wrath of God shall trouble you forever, if you continue to seek your happiness in the world!’

If, on the contrary, anyone says, ‘When the world troubles me, then who can comfort me?’

Then we may refer him to that unalterable declaration of the prophet, Isaiah 26:3. Let every one then acquiesce in the decision of Solomon, Ecclesiastes 1:14; and let Christ be regarded as the true and only source of rest! Matthew 11:28.

2. To those who now enjoy quietness in God.

Peace, however firmly established at present, may soon be lost; it can be maintained only in a way of holiness, Isaiah 32:17. Sin indulged, will cause God to hide his face from us. This is the true source of the disquietudes which many feel, Isaiah 59:2. Let all therefore mortify secret and besetting sins. In this way they shall attain happiness in life, in death, and forever! Psalm 119:165 and 2 Peter 1:10-11.

Charles Simeon

Job 33:27-28

“Then he comes to men and says: I sinned, and perverted what was right, but I did not get what I deserved. He redeemed my soul from going down to the pit, and I will live to enjoy the light.”

God is often pleased to make use of affliction as the means of bringing people to a right mind; and where he has sent any affliction as a chastisement for some particular sin, it is probable that on our repentance he will remove the chastisement, James 5:14-15.

But we must not always associate the ideas of affliction and punishment, or of repentance and recovery, so as to conclude every person to be wicked in proportion to the calamities that may come upon him. This was the error which occasioned the whole controversy between Job and his friends. They conceived, that, by visiting him with such accumulated afflictions, God designed to point him out as a hypocrite; and, upon that presumption, they exhorted him to repent, and assured him that on his repentance God would restore to him his former health and prosperity. In support of their argument they spoke many valuable truths; but they erred in the extent to which they carried those truths, and in the application which they made of them to the case of Job.

The fact is, that “no man knows whether love or hate awaits him. All share a common destiny—the righteous and the wicked, the good and the bad, the clean and the unclean, those who offer sacrifices and those who do not. As it is with the good man, so with the sinner, Ecclesiastes 9:1-2” All of the inequalities which we observe in the dispensations of Providence will be rectified in the day of judgment, which is on that very account denominated, “The day of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God, Romans 2:5.”

We shall therefore drop that which we apprehend to be the primary meaning of these words, because in that sense they are not true to the extent that Elihu designed them. We know that the most righteous people may be reduced by sickness, and that the most penitent people may have their sickness continued unto death. Fully persuaded of this, we shall not insist upon our text in reference to bodily sickness and recovery, but simply in reference to the concerns of the soul. In this view of the words, they point out to us,

I. The nature of true repentance.

Few consider properly the nature of repentance. It does not consist in a mere acknowledgment that we are sinners, or in a dread of the consequences of our sin.

1. True repentance consists in a deep and humbling view of sin as unreasonable.

The law of God is right, Psalm 19:7-8; it is “holy, and just, and good, Romans 7:12.” And whoever views its requisitions with an impartial eye, must of necessity confess them to be most highly reasonable. Who can doubt one moment the reasonableness of the creature serving his Creator; or of the sinner feeling gratitude to his Redeemer? Who does not see the propriety of having the bodily appetites in subjection to the nobler faculties of reason and conscience; and of governing our lives in reference to eternity, rather than to the poor vanities of time and sense? The most ignorant and most prejudiced person cannot but acknowledge that these things are “right.”

Now what is the life of the generality, but a direct opposition to all this, or, in other words, “a perversion of that which is right?” We speak not now concerning gross sins, but concerning that kind of life which even the most moral and decent live. They forget their God; they disregard their Savior; they live as if they thought the salvation of their souls a matter of little importance.

A true penitent, when he comes to a just sense of his condition, views things in this light; he is ready to exclaim with Agur, “Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man! Proverbs 30:2.” He is amazed that God should have borne with him so long in the midst of his perverseness; and there are no terms too humiliating for him to adopt, in order to express his shame and self-abhorrence before God.

2. True repentance consists in a deep and humbling view of sin as unprofitable.

All expect that sin will profit them in some respect or other; and the gratifications purchased by it are considered as more than an equivalent for any consequences that may ensue from it.

This delusion often lasts for a considerable time; but, when a person begins to turn unto God, the scales fall from his eyes. He now sees, that if he had actually gained the whole world, it would have been an unprofitable bargain for his immortal soul.

He feels himself much in the state that our first parents were after their fall. What Satan had promised them was indeed true in some sense, “their eyes were opened; and they discerned good and evil.” But it was good which they had lost, and evil which they had incurred. Ah! how unprofitable did their sin now appear! For one taste of the forbidden fruit to sacrifice their innocence and the favor of their God!

If we contemplate their feelings when they were driven out of Paradise, we shall form some idea of what a penitent feels, when once he comes to a just apprehension of his state. His folly appears to him even greater than his guilt. He now begins to understand those words, “Madness is in their hearts while they live! Ecclesiastes 9:3;” and he feels the full force of that pointed interrogation, “When you were slaves to sin, you were free from the control of righteousness. What benefit did you reap at that time from the things you are now ashamed of? Those things result in death! Romans 6:20-21.”

That we may not be discouraged by this view of repentance, let us contemplate,

II. The benefits of true repentance.

We have before assigned our reasons for declining to notice our text in reference to a recovery from bodily sickness; on that subject we could promise you nothing with any certainty; but in reference to spiritual benefits, we do not hesitate to promise you:

1. The first benefit of true repentance is deliverance from eternal condemnation.

Besides “the pit” of the grave, there is also a pit into which sinners must be cast, even “the bottomless pit”—the miserable abode of Satan and his angels! Revelation 20:1-3. Into that pit your soul shall never come. The impenitent alone shall have their portion there. The word and oath of Jehovah are pledged to rescue you from thence. “He has found a ransom! verse 24;” the ransom has been paid; and God (if we may so speak) would violate his engagements with his Son, if he were to spurn from his footstool one who came to him in the name of Jesus, Romans 3:26. But you need not be afraid; for this is his own gracious declaration, “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness 1 John 1:9;” and again, “He who covers his sins shall not prosper; but whoever confesses and forsakes them shall have mercy! Proverbs 28:13.”

Perhaps from a retrospect of your past lives you may be led to fear that you have sinned beyond the reach of mercy. But there is no ground for despondency, even to the vilest of mankind; the blood of Christ is sufficient to cleanse from all sin, however heinous! 1 John 1:7; and the promises of acceptance through him are so extensive as to preclude all possibility of doubt to those who humbly rely upon them, Isaiah 1:18. John 6:37.

2. The second benefit of true repentance is exaltation to eternal glory.

The light of God’s reconciled countenance shall certainly be enjoyed by the penitent in this world, “his light shall rise in obscurity, and his darkness shall become as the noon-day.” But who can conceive of that “light” which he shall enjoy in the glorious world to come! The highest joys which the soul can experience here on earth, are no more in comparison with Heaven, than a candle is of the meridian sun. There “the sun will no more be your light by day, nor will the brightness of the moon shine on you, for the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your glory. Your sun will never set again, and your moon will wane no more; the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your days of sorrow will end! Isaiah 60:19-20.”

There may be many dark nights, and tremendous storms, before we arrive at the full consummation of our happiness; but the word is sure, that “if we sow in tears we shall reap in joy! Psalm 126:5-6.”

We may learn from hence,

1. What encouragement we have to repent.

God represents himself in the text as “looking upon men;” he is looking continually to see if he can find an object towards whom he can exercise mercy consistently with the honor of his other perfections. The father, in the parable, is described as looking out, as it were, with an ardent desire for the return of his prodigal son, and as running towards him as soon as ever he beheld him a great way off. This gives us a just idea of the tender compassions of our God, who “wills not the death of any sinner, but rather that he should turn from his wickedness and live.”

We have a still livelier representation of this in the Prophet Jeremiah, Jeremiah 31:18; Jeremiah 31:20; and we may with great propriety conceive of God as looking wishfully upon us at this moment, and saying, “O that they would hearken unto my voice! Psalm 81:13-16.” “Will you not be made clean? When shall it once be? Jeremiah 13:27.”

Be persuaded, my brethren, that God is now “waiting to be gracious unto you;” and that if you turn unto him, he will have mercy upon you! Isaiah 55:7. Yes, he will make his “grace to abound even where sin has most abounded! Romans 5:20.”

2. How just will be the condemnation of the impenitent.

God’s direction to every one of us is, “Only acknowledge your iniquity! Jeremiah 3:13.” And what can he require of you less than this? Would you yourselves forgive an offending child, while she obstinately refused to acknowledge her fault and continued in her disobedience? What then will you say to God in the day of judgment, when he shall refuse to admit you into the regions of light and bliss, and shall consign your souls over to that bottomless pit, from which you made no effort to escape? How pungent will be the recollection of those invitations and promises which you now despise! O do not by your obstinate impenitence make work for everlasting and unavailing sorrow!

Do but call to mind the mercy given to David; the very instant he said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord,” Nathan was inspired to reply, “The Lord has put away your sin; you shall not die! 2 Samuel 12:13.” And this affecting incident David himself records for the encouragement of all to make supplication to their God, “I said, I will confess my sin unto the Lord; and so you forgave the iniquity of my sin! Psalm 32:5.” Surely if such an example joined to the gracious declarations in the text do not lead you to repentance, then your mouths will be shut in the day of judgment, and (whatever you may now do) you will acknowledge your condemnation to be just!

Charles Simeon

Job 33:23-24

“Yet if there is an messenger on his side as a mediator, one out of a thousand—one who declares a person upright, to be gracious to him and say, ‘Spare him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom for him!'”

Elihu was not one of the particular friends of Job He was a young man, who, on the occasion of Job’s friends assembling together, had been admitted to hear rather than to speak. But when he had heard the repeated attempts of Job’s friends to convince him of sin, and their incapacity to answer the arguments which Job had adduced—his spirit was stirred in him, and he determined to offer his opinion, Job 32:6-10. Elihu was of a better spirit than Job’s other friends, and had a deeper insight into the dispensations of God’s providence. He never accused Job of hypocrisy, as they had done; but he saw wherein Job had erred, and endeavored with fidelity to point it out to him. Job had certainly erred in two respects:

in speaking too highly of himself,

in speaking too disrespectfully of God.

To bring home to him these two faults, Elihu shows Job, what he evidently was not sufficiently acquainted with, the ends and designs of God in afflicting man; namely, to humble him, and to prepare him for those richer mercies which he has in reserve for every true penitent.

There were various means whereby God prepared men for the knowledge of himself, and the enjoyment of his glory:

one was by secret discoveries of Himself in dreams and visions;

another was by laying them on a bed of affliction, and sending some well-informed servant to instruct them.

It is of this latter mode that Elihu speaks in the words before us; from which we are naturally led to show you,

I. The office of those who visit the sick.

A person who in a spirit of love visits the chambers of the sick, as “a messenger” from the Most High God, and one who delights in that office, and is duly qualified for the performance of it—is indeed a rare and valuable character, justly called “One among a thousand!” The object which such a person should bear in view is briefly stated in our text; it is “one who declares a person upright.”

But whose uprightness is here intended? The man’s own? Most assuredly not. Such a visitor as this would be neither rare nor valuable. It is the common language of ignorant people when visiting a dying friend, to say, “You have nothing to fear; you have been upright and honest in the world; you have fulfilled all your duties in life; and there is no doubt but that you are accepted by God.” Such a visitor as this is indeed “a messenger;” but it is “a messenger of Satan,” to beguile and ruin an immortal soul. For what is such language as this, but to “speak peace where there is no peace,” or, as the prophet strongly expresses it, to “sew pillows to the arm-holes” of one that ought to be awakened from his delusions, and to “daub with untempered mortar a wall that is just ready to fall! Ezekiel 13:10-11; Ezekiel 13:18.”

The uprightness that is to be pointed out, is God’s. But here we acknowledge, that the precise import of the passage is not easy to be determined. Various are the senses which commentators have affixed to the word; but, if we would obtain just views of the Scripture, we must not consider so much what sense any word will bear—as what agrees best with the context. Now we apprehend that the context duly attended to, will give us the exact meaning of this expression.

Let us see what was the object which Elihu had in view. He considered Job as faulty in two respects:

first, in maintaining his own righteousness,

and next, in complaining of God as harsh and unjust towards him, verses 8-12.

“In this,” he says to Job, “you are not just.” To counteract these two errors, Elihu tells Job that God had afflicted him on purpose to lead him to juster views both of himself and of his God; and that he himself was sent as “a messenger and interpreter” to him, “one among a thousand,” to expound this matter to him; and to show him “God’s uprightness, or righteousness,” first, in punishing his sin; and, next, in the way provided by him for the pardon of it.

1. The visitor’s office then, is to show the righteousness of God in punishing sin.

It is common for people in affliction, especially if their afflictions are heavy, complicated, and of long continuance; to manifest an impatient spirit, and to account their trials severe. But every thought of this kind shows how regardless they are of the hand from whence their trials proceed, and of their own extreme demerit, which, if justly viewed, would reconcile them to any afflictive dispensation which Almighty God might send. The invariable language of those who are truly humbled is, “You, Lord, have punished me far less than my iniquities deserve!” “You are righteous in all that is come upon me!” “To you belongs righteousness; but unto me belongs shame and confusion of face!” See Ezra 9:13. Nehemiah 9:33. Daniel 9:7-8.”

This truth had been before inculcated by Zophar Job 11:6; and it is of great importance to be inculcated on all; for, “shall a living man complain—a man for the punishment of his sins? Lamentations 3:39.” No! He must be brought to “accept the punishment of his iniquity,” and to say, “I will bear the indignation of the Lord, because I have sinned against him! Micah 7:9.” There must be no “replying against God;” “the clay must not contend with the potter!”

The attitude to which every sufferer must be brought is this, “It is the Lord; let him do what seems good to Him!” It is a very important part of a visitor’s office to bring him to it, by showing, that anything short of “everlasting burnings” is a mercy for which we have reason to be thankful—and not a judgment of which we have any reason to complain; since it is light in comparison with what we deserve, and is sent on purpose to keep us from ever suffering our full desert in Hell.

2. The visitor’s office is also to show the righteousness of God, in His way of pardoning sin.

This, we confess, appears at first sight a forced construction of the passage; but, on a nearer inspection of it, we shall see reason to believe that it is indeed the true import. The uprightness of God in punishing sin seems undoubtedly the first and leading sense; but it must include a view of the way of salvation through the ransom paid for sinners, or else the immediate acceptance of the sinner through that ransom could not follow from it. In this view of the word “uprightness,” or “righteousness,” there is a striking coincidence between the text and some passages in Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, where the Apostle again and again mentions, “the righteousness which is of God by faith,” and represents Christ as “set forth to be an atoning sacrifice through faith in his blood, to declare God’s righteousness for, or in, the remission of sins; to declare, I say, his righteousness, that he might be just, and yet the Justifier of him which believes in Jesus! Romans 3:21-22; Romans 3:25-26.”

Now on what occasion can it be so necessary to “show a man this,” as when he is in sick and dying circumstances, and speedily about to enter into the immediate presence of his God? Then in particular he is anxious to inquire, “What must I do to be saved?” And then must we give him the same answer as the Apostle did to the jailer, “Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and you shall he saved! Acts 16:30-31.”

This, then, is the special office of those who visit the sick; namely, to declare freely and fully the way of salvation through a crucified Redeemer. They should act in the chambers of the sick precisely as Moses did in the camp of Israel; when thousands were dying of the wounds inflicted by the fiery flying serpents; they should erect in the sight of the dying penitent the bronze serpent, and say, “Look unto it and be saved, all the ends of the earth! Compare Isaiah 45:22 with John 3:14-15.” They should encourage the afflicted soul to look unto Christ even “at the eleventh hour;” and to declare plainly, that “all who believe in him are justified from all things! Acts 13:39.” Then indeed will they approve themselves to be faithful “messengers” from God, and just “interpreters” of his mind and will; and every messenger is of inestimable value, and fitly called, “One among a thousand!”

Such being the blessed office of a visitor, let us contemplate,

II. The benefit arising from a faithful discharge of a godly visitor’s office.

Doubtless in most instances, little, if any, good arises from efforts made in the chambers of the sick; and often the hopeful appearances that begin there, vanish speedily, “as the early dew, or as the morning cloud.” But in many instances the labors of visitors are productive of the greatest good:

1. Even to the bodies of men.

We speak not now of financial relief, and of its effects on the recovery of many from their illnesses, though we ought not by any means to lose sight of that.

It is solely of the spiritual office of the visitor that we speak; and we affirm, that the bodies of men often derive incalculable benefit from it. Of illnesses, some belong purely to the body; and others are greatly influenced by the mind, or perhaps originate altogether from it.

Now, in reference to the former of these, it is certain, that spiritual instruction will not operate as a charm upon the body; but if, under the pressure of temporal affliction, the mind is disquieted by impatience and fretfulness, then those agitations will have a very unfavorable aspect on the body, and will greatly impede the cure of the disorder. Consequently, the composure of the mind, the bringing of it to a state of resignation and submission, and particularly to a state of peace with God—will exceedingly promote the recovery of the body; so true is it that “A merry heart does good like a medicine.”

It sometimes happens, that the life of a person is actually preserved, solely, under God, by the composure of the mind. A most remarkable instance of this the author has in his own parish. But if, as in the latter case, the disorder is very intimately connected with the mind, and how many nervous disorders arise from the pressure of worldly troubles—then it is obvious that the spiritual physician may be more useful than a medical attendant; since by administering “the balm of Gilead” to the soul, he applies his remedy to the root of the disorder, and gains access to that which no earthly prescription can reach.

And more especially if, as sometimes happens, the health has declined through apprehensions of God’s wrath, and the influence of desponding fears—then the free and full exhibition of God’s mercy in Christ Jesus is the only remedy that is at all suited to the case; and the restoration of peace to the soul is, in fact, “health to the body and nourishment to the bones! Proverbs 3:8.” “A reliable messenger,” says Solomon, “brings healing, Proverbs 13:17.”

2. More especially to the souls of men.

How many are there who never began to think of their souls, until they were visited with sickness, or brought down by some heavy affliction! “Before they were afflicted they went astray;” but God having sent to them some kind messenger, some able interpreter—has led them by his means to a consideration of their state, and to a true and saving repentance.

No man has ever executed with fidelity the office of which we are speaking, without having seen some fruit of his labor; and we will venture to appeal to such people, for they are the only competent judges, whether they have not been sometimes eye-witnesses of the very scene described in our text? Have they not seen the afflicted soul comforted; and peace abounding in the conscience that was recently overwhelmed with desponding fears? Has not God said, as it were, in their very presence, “Deliver that drooping sinner from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom!” And have they not seen the person, who but just before dared not to lift up his eyes unto Heaven, “praying unto God” and made sensible “of His favor,” and “beholding the face of his reconciled God with joy! verse 26.”

Yes, this is no uncommon sight; and whoever will lend himself diligently to this good work, shall have the happiness of dispensing these blessings, and of having some poor sinners to be his joy and crown of rejoicing in the day of judgment.

Reflections.

1. How honorable an office is that of a visitor of the sick!

This office, though highly proper to be executed by ministers, ought by no means to be confined to them. True, such a person, duly qualified and thoroughly in earnest, is “One among a thousand!” but It would have been better, if possible, that there should be ten or twenty such among a thousand; and most assuredly it is the duty of every Christian, according to his ability and opportunities, to engage in it; since the execution of it is a very principal fruit and evidence of “pure and undefiled religion, James 1:27.”

We would call on all, therefore, in their respective stations, to consider how they may execute this office to the utmost possible advantage. And let all know for their encouragement, that if they receive not honor from their fellow-creatures for these self-denying exertions—they shall certainly before long be honored and rewarded by their God! Matthew 25:35-36.

2. How blind are those who are averse to have such pious instructors introduced to their sick and dying friends!

There exists in the minds of many an idea, that religious conversation will prove injurious to a person on a bed of sickness; and that, by the anxiety that it will create, it will retard, rather than accelerate, a restoration to health.

Now, if in any instance this should be the case, it may justly be said that some risk of injury to the body would be but a small sacrifice for the obtaining of spiritual instruction under such circumstances. For who can reflect on a soul perishing in ignorance and sin, and not see the indispensable necessity of plucking it as a brand out of the burning, before yet it is gone beyond a hope of recovery? Methinks, if a certainty of some injury to the bodily health were put in the scale against the near and almost certain prospect of dying in an unconverted state—there can be no doubt which should preponderate. No man that knows the value of an immortal soul, can hesitate which alternative to choose.

But such cases, if they exist at all, are very rare; the mind of an ungodly man is not so easily moved; nor are the emotions that may be excited so injurious as worldly vexation or worldly care—they do not prey upon the mind, as carnal feelings do. Religious feelings, even where they are not altogether of the best kind, have rather a tendency to compose the mind; inasmuch as they generate a hope in God, and open prospects of progressive improvement and of ultimate salvation.

But we will not rest this matter upon the dictates either of reason or experience; God himself shall determine it; and he says, “Is any sick among you? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, James 5:13.”

Doubtless it is expedient for the visitor to consult the weakness of the patient; but it is the height of cruelty to deny to those who are shortly going into the presence of their God, the means of obtaining that wedding-garment that can alone make them acceptable guests at the marriage-supper of the Lamb.

3. How desirable is it to support such a society for visiting the sick!

But how can they execute their functions, if not aided by financial contributions? The poor, if some relief can be afforded to them in their sickness, will on that account welcome the Visitor as “a Messenger” from Heaven; and, having received him as “a Messenger,” they will be disposed to listen to him as “an Interpreter.”

It cannot be supposed, that the visitors can effect much in this way from their own individual resources; it must be through the liberality of the public alone that this plan can be executed to any great extent. Let the hearts of all, then, be open on this occasion.

If we pleaded only for the temporal relief of our poorer brethren in a time of sickness, we would feel that we had a claim upon your charity; but the temporal relief is of small importance when compared with that which we contemplate the instruction and salvation of the soul. Bear this in mind, and let your contributions show in what light you appreciate an immortal soul. Multitudes who would otherwise die in ignorance and sin may by these means be rescued from eternal perdition; and, if our blessed Lord came down from Heaven to “ransom” them by his own blood, let it be a light matter in your eyes to contribute liberally of your substance for the purpose of making known to them that “ransom,” and thereby “delivering them from going down to the pit!”

Charles Simeon

Job 31:24-28

“If I have put my trust in gold or said to pure gold, ‘You are my security,’ if I have rejoiced over my great wealth, the fortune my hands had gained, if I have regarded the sun in its radiance or the moon moving in splendor, so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand offered them a kiss of homage, then these also would be sins to be judged, for I would have been unfaithful to God on high.”

As hateful as boasting is, and justly condemned both by God and man—there are occasions when it is proper, and indeed necessary. For instance; when a character has been grossly calumniated, and can be vindicated only by an appeal to facts, those facts may be adduced, however much the recital of them may tend to proclaim our own praise.

Samuel was constrained to assert the equity of his own administration, when the people cast reflections on him, by desiring to change the form of his government, and to have a king substituted in his place.

Paul also, when traduced by people who sought to destroy his influence in the Church, declared, though much against his will, the honors which had been conferred upon him, and the habits he had invariably maintained, 2 Corinthians 12:1-11. Indeed, we would have known comparatively but little of this blessed Apostle, if he had not been compelled by the malevolence of others to make known the hidden principles by which he had been actuated, and the blameless conduct which he had uniformly pursued; and, so far from blaming him for his boasting, we cannot be but thankful that God allowed him to be so injured, and thereby constrained him in self-defense to make known to us so much of his true character.

In like manner we account it a great benefit to the Church, that Job was driven by the heavy accusations that were brought against him, to insist so largely on his own innocence, and to declare so fully the habits and exercises of his former life. Throughout this whole chapter he maintains, in reference to the evils that were laid to his charge, that his conduct had been the very reverse of what his friends supposed. Had he done this in the spirit of the self-applauding Pharisee (Luke 18), he would have acted wrong; but when it was necessary to wipe off the aspersions that were so injuriously cast upon him, he was justified in adducing whatever had a tendency to place his character in its true light.

The verses we have just read are Job’s vindication of himself from idolatry. In the days of Job, or at least in the country where he lived, the sun and moon were the only objects to which idolatrous worship was paid; and, as they were out of the reach of the worshipers, the kiss which was afterwards given to idols as an expression of supreme regard, was transferred to them by means of the hand, verse 27, Hosea 13:2. But Job declared that he had never been guilty of this great impiety. Nay more, he had never, even in heart, given to the creature any portion of that respect which was due only to the Most High God; and if he had, he acknowledged that his sufferings were richly merited, and that as his conduct would have been in fact a denial of his God, he could expect nothing from God but wrath and indignation to all eternity.

I. The disposition here specified.

An undue regard to wealth is extremely common in the world.

The possession of wealth is no evil; it then only becomes an evil, when it is accompanied with a great measure of trust or delight in it. But, fallen and depraved as man by nature is, it is exceeding difficult to view wealth with such indifference as we ought. Our blessed Lord states this, when speaking of the rich youth, who renounced and forsook him, rather than part with his great possessions. He first said, “How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!” And then, “How hard it is for those who trust in riches to enter the kingdom of God!” intending thereby to intimate, that it is almost “impossible” to have riches, and not to trust in them to some measure, Mark 10:21-27.

The pleasure that men take in the contemplation of their wealth, whether inherited or acquired, arises from the thought that they are thereby placed, if not entirely—yet in some measure, beyond the reach of evil; and that, in whatever circumstances they may be, they shall have something which will administer to their comfort, Habakkuk 2:9. But this is idolatry, as we shall show under our second head!

At present, we content ourselves with observing, that this is the view which all natural men have of wealth, and the regard which, under all circumstances, they pay to it.

Whence is it that men are so eager in the pursuit of wealth?

Whence is it that they so earnestly desire it for their children?

Whence is it that all who come to the possession of wealth, or to any great advancement, are congratulated by their friends, and receive those congratulations as suitable to the occasion?

Whence is it, on the contrary, that any heavy losses are considered as so great a misfortune, and call forth either real sympathy, or compliments of condolence?

Is not all this from a presumption that wealth and advancement are in themselves a certain and a positive good? Does it not all imply a hope or confidence in gold?

Would a man who had scraped together a great heap of dust, rejoice because he had gathered so much dust? Surely not! In the same foolish way, does not the satisfaction a man feels from the attainment of riches, show that he has formed an erroneous estimate of their value?

Such then being the disposition specified in our text, we proceed to point out,

II. The sinfulness of an undue regard to wealth.

To act in any way unworthy of God is to deny him, Titus 1:16; but to feel such a disposition towards wealth as has been now described, is in a more especial manner to be regarded in this view.

1. An undue regard to wealth denies that God is the ultimate source of happiness to man.

God has called himself “the Fountain of living waters,” and has pronounced all creatures to be “broken cisterns that will hold no water.” Now what is this but a declaration that to make us happy is his exclusive prerogative? Doubtless the creature, when God accompanies it with his blessing, is a source of much comfort; but it has nothing in itself; the sun, whose genial warmth is such a fruitful source of blessings to some, destroys all the hopes of others, and burns up the very face of the earth.

Thus wealth also, which to some is the means of exercising a most diffusive benevolence, to others is a curse. What was Nabal the better for his wealth? It only fostered his deep-rooted churlishness, and ultimately proved the occasion of his death.

In a word, the creature is nothing but what God is pleased to make it. With his blessing, it will contribute to our happiness; but without his blessing, it is only “vanity and vexation of spirit!” If then we place any confidence in it, or allow it to be a source of supreme delight to our minds, we ascribe to the creature what is found in none but the Lord Jehovah; to whom alone we should have respect, when we say, “Return unto your rest, O my soul.”

2. An undue regard to wealth denies that God is all-sufficient for our real happiness.

The man that can look up to a reconciled God in Christ Jesus, has all that he can desire; the wealth of the whole world can add nothing to him. If it be thought that wealth being an addition, must of necessity enlarge the comforts of the soul; we would ask: What can a candle add to the light of the meridian sun? Or who that enjoys the full splendor of that heavenly orb, does not despise the feeble efforts of a candle to augment its luster?

Just so, it is with him who beholds the light of God’s glory shining in the face of Jesus Christ; the creature, whoever, or whatever it may be, “has no glory in his eyes by reason of the glory that excels.”

Did the prodigal any longer desire the husks which the swine ate of, when he was feeding on the fatted calf in his father’s house? Surely not! Nor does he ever hunger, who has fed on Jesus’ flesh; or thirst, when once he has been refreshed with the water of life!

Hear the testimony of one who spoke from his own experience, “We are:

sorrowful, yet always rejoicing;

poor, yet making many rich;

having nothing, and yet possessing everything!” 2 Corinthians 6:10.”

Now if we desire any earthly good from an idea that it can of itself contribute to our ultimate happiness, we virtually deny the all-sufficiency of Christ; and by exalting the creature to a participation of God’s rights, we rob Him of his intrinsic glory.

Improvement.

1. For reproof.

Let this character of Job be compared with that of the generality of professing Christians, and it will afford abundant matter for the deepest humiliation. Certainly, on account of our superior advantages, we ought to possess far greater spirituality of mind than Job; yet how far below him do the generality even of those who profess religion fall!

Perhaps the besetting sin of most of those who profess to be Christians is worldliness! It is certain that very many of them are as eager in the pursuit of wealth as the heathen; and this accounts for the little influence of the Word of God upon them. The seed is good, but the soil is bad! And the noxious weeds of worldliness, by their speedy and incessant growth, keep down the feebler plants of piety in the soul.

“The cares of this world,

and the deceitfulness of riches,

and the lust for other things,

choke the Word, and it becomes unfruitful.” Mark 4:19

And here let it be observed that it is not the overt act of covetousness or creature-dependence that is condemned, but the inward disposition of the mind and heart—the supreme delight of mind that arises from the possession of wealth is itself a positive “denial of the God that is above.”

O, brethren, enter into your own bosoms, and judge yourselves in relation to this matter. Inquire whether God has such a full possession of your hearts as to render all earthly things relatively vain, empty, and worthless, in your estimation? If not, how can you call God your portion, or imagine that you have formed a proper estimate of the immeasurable blessings of salvation? Know assuredly, that if you have just views of Christ, you will regard Jesus as the Pearl of Great Price!

“The kingdom of Heaven is like unto a merchant seeking fine pearls. Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it! Matthew 13:45-46.”

Can you will sincerely say from your inmost soul, “Whom have I in Heaven but You? And earth has nothing I desire besides You. My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever!” Psalm 73:25-26

2. For instruction in righteousness.

We learn from our text: A true profession of Christ does not consists in a mere assent to some particular truths, but in a practical and experimental sense of His love overpowering all inferior considerations. To love the Lord Jesus Christ, to “cleave to him with full purpose of heart,” to count him “all our salvation and all our desire”—this is what God requires. This is also what our blessed Savior deserves from His redeemed people. If we do not despise even life itself, when standing in competition with his will, his presence, his glory—then we shall be regarded as denying him, and must expect to be denied by him in the presence of his Father and his holy angels! Mark 8:34-35; Mark 8:38.

In the Church above “there is no need of either sun or moon to lighten it, because the Lamb is the light thereof! Revelation 21:23” Just so, is it in the Church below, wherever Christ has really established his kingdom in the heart! Isaiah 24:23.

See to it then, brethren, that it is thus with you; and, if you are disposed to ask, “Who will show me any good?” then learn immediately to add, “Lord, lift up the light of your countenance upon me; and that shall put more gladness in my heart, than any increase of corn or wine or oil can ever do! Psalm 4:6-7;” for as, on the one hand, “A man’s life does not consist not in the abundance of the things that he possesses,” so, on the other hand, “In God’s favor is life, and his loving-kindness is better than life itself.”

Charles Simeon

Job 31:14

“What will I do when God confronts me?

What will I answer when called to account?”

The testimony of a good conscience is a source of rich consolation at all times, but more especially when we are suffering under afflictions from God, or calumnies from man. Job, in the midst of all his troubles, was upheld by it; when, without such a support, he must have inevitably sunk under his accumulated burdens. It must be confessed, indeed, that this holy man, when urged and irritated by his uncharitable friends, expressed himself too strongly upon this subject; yet we cannot fail of seeing throughout his whole history, that his conscious integrity enabled him to hold fast by God, and to wait with patience the outcome of his unexpected calamities.

In the passage before us he is specifying many things commonly practiced by others, but from which he had been preserved pure. Among these he mentions his conduct to his servants; and observes that if in this he had been arbitrary and oppressive, he would have a melancholy account indeed to give in the day of judgment, “Then,” says he:

“What will I do when God confronts me?

What will I answer when called to account?”

I. These words may be considered as a weighty reflection.

Job is contemplating his responsibility to God, together with the impartiality that will be shown in the future judgment.

In speaking of his accountableness to God—Job does not limit it to such actions as are reprobated among men, but mentions it in reference to (what is generally but little regarded) his spirit and temper in domestic duties. He well knew that God took cognizance of small things as well as great, and of things relating to civil and social life as well as those that pertain more immediately to religion. He was certain also, that at God’s tribunal the slave and his master, the beggar and the king, would have their cause determined with equal and unerring justice.

Hence, when calumniated and condemned by men, he naturally reflects on the sentence that would be passed upon him at God’s tribunal, on the supposition that there were any willful and allowed sin found in him, whatever the nature of that sin might be, and however trivial it might be deemed by the world at large.

Such a reflection will be highly profitable to us also.

For great and heinous sins, as they are called—we all feel ourselves accountable to God; but we scarcely think that any responsibility attaches to the dispositions we manifest in the family or the state. We may be:

querulous and contentious subjects,

or proud and oppressive masters,

or slothful and impertinent servants—

and yet never imagine that God will notice such “minor faults” in the day of judgment!

The rich and the great are ready to think, that they shall find some favor with God on account of their earthly distinctions; and that, while a poor man who robs or injures them is deserving of the heaviest judgments—they may rob and injure others to ever so great an amount by their extravagance or extortion, and yet pass without censure!

But the great and awesome God has no respect of persons, Deuteronomy 10:17, but will “judge every man according to his works.” And it will be well for us, if we take a retrospect of our actions, and seriously reflect what answer we shall give to God in the day that he shall judge us.

II. These words may also be considered as an instructive inquiry.

The inquiry is twofold:

1. If God should call me to his judgment-seat before I have truly repented of my sins, then “What will I do when God confronts me?”

Shall we go before him with boldness, as too many rush into his presence now? Will not his impeccable holiness abash us, and his excellency make us afraid? Job 13:11.”

Shall we hide ourselves from his presence, and elude his search? Where shall we flee in order to effect this? Psalm 139:7-12. In vain shall we, “call upon the rocks to fall upon us, or the hills to cover us!”

Shall we resist his summons? How vain the attempt! “Shall our hands be strong in the day that he shall deal with us? Ezekiel 22:14,” or, “can we thunder with a voice like his? Job 40:9.”

Let us then bethink ourselves “what we shall do in the day of judgment? To whom shall we flee for help? Isaiah 10:3.”

2. If God should call me to his judgment-seat before I have truly repented of my sins, then “What will I answer when called to account?”

Shall we say with that amiable, but mistaken youth, “I have kept all your commandments, Matthew 19:20.” Alas! which of the commandments have we not broken times without number? Let it only be considered that an angry word is tantamount to murder in God’s eyes, Matthew 5:21-22, and an unchaste look is adultery in God’s eyes, Matthew 5:28; and we shall find abundant reason, even as holy Job himself did, Job 9:20, to blush and be confounded before the heart-searching God! Job 9:2-3.

If this appears to be too presumptuous, shall we, like the Pharisee, tell him of our comparative goodness? Luke 18:11-12. Suppose we do differ from others, what ground of glorying is this to us? 1 Corinthians 4:7. And how infinitely short have we come of the perfection which God requires of us! Yes, the very disposition to justify ourselves is sufficient to make God utterly abhor us! Job 9:30-32. Luke 18:14.

Shall we answer that we had other things beside religion to attend to? But what other things? If they were lawful in themselves—then they were not in the least degree incompatible with religion; and if they were sinful—then they ought to have been renounced.

Shall we reply that we did not think God would ever condemn anyone for the lack of saving religion? But why did we entertain so fond a hope? Were we not sufficiently warned to the contrary? Was it possible for God to declare in more express terms his determination to punish impenitent transgressors? Psalm 9:17. 1 Corinthians 6:9-10.

Whatever other answers we may be disposed to make, let us consider whether they do not admit of a reply that shall stop our mouths, and utterly confound us? In this way we shall gather instruction for which we may have reason to bless God forever!

The oblique hints which both Job and his friends repeatedly gave to each other, may lead us further to consider the words, as,

III. As a solemn warning.

If a master’s unkindness to his servant would bring down upon him the divine judgments—then Job’s friends might see, that their uncharitableness towards him would not pass unnoticed. In the same manner, these questions convey a solemn warning:

1. To those who are altogether regardless of true religion.

We are well aware that when a fellow-creature expostulates with such people, they will fill their mouths with arguments, and turn to ridicule “the words of truth and soberness.” But it is not a worm like themselves that they must answer, but the living God. Let careless sinners then consider what they shall answer him? And, before they speak peace to themselves, let them think whether he will deem their excuses sufficient? It is by God’s judgment that they must stand or fall; and therefore they must be satisfied with nothing which will not satisfy him. It will be to but little purpose to be justified in their own eyes, and in the opinions of a partial world; for if God should refuse his sanction, they will have nothing left but to bewail their folly in everlasting torments!

2. To those who rest in an external and formal religion.

It is not the observance of forms, but the devotion of the heart, that God requires. True religion is to be our business, yes, our very element wherein we live. Our daily care, and our supreme delight, must be to maintain fellowship with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ, and to glorify God by a holy conduct. These are the things which God will inquire into at the last day; and if we tell him then, that such a life was generally reprobated as hypocrisy or enthusiasm, will he account it a sufficient excuse for our conduct? What! He may say, were all the prophets, and apostles, yes, and my only dear Son, too, hypocrites and fanatics? And were others to be condemned in proportion as they resembled these divine patterns? Did you not know in your consciences, even while you ridiculed the godly, that both you, and they, ought to walk as Christ walked?

Know, then, that the form of godliness, however exemplary, will, if destitute of the life and power of it, leave you without excuse in the day of judgment.

3. To those who profess religion, but walk unworthy of it.

Every question put to careless or formal Christians will have tenfold force when addressed to those who profess godliness; for they acknowledge their obligation to piety, and seek to be esteemed as truly religious characters; and therefore to all their other guilt they add the basest hypocrisy if they live in any willful sin. Let those (if such there be among us) who, while they “seem to be religious, either bridle not their tongue, James 1:26,” or yield to the solicitations of anger, envy, malice, lewdness, covetousness, or any other vile affection; let them, I say, consider what they shall answer when God shall judge them. If others be punished, much more shall they, Amos 3:2. Isaiah 33:14; yes, their condemnation shall be increased in proportion to the mercies they have slighted, and the advantages they have abused.

We cannot conclude without adding one word of direction.

It has been shown already, what answers will not suffice at the day of judgment. It is but reasonable then to ask: What answer will suffice? To solve this important question, we reply, That surely we must renounce all habitual and allowed sin; but that, with respect to the sins of infirmity that are incident to our fallen nature, we should lie humble before, God Job 40:4-5; Job 9:15, seeking mercy through Christ only, and declaring our affiance in the promises which God has given us in his Word, Isaiah 43:25-26. See this very question, “What shall we do?” and the answer given to it by the voice of inspiration, Acts 2:37-38; Acts 16:30-31. Then, though vile, we shall not be cast out; nor shall our past sins be remembered against us any more forever! Hebrews 8:12.

Charles Simeon

Job 30:25

“Have I not wept for those in trouble?

Has not my soul grieved for the poor?”

In the midst of any heavy calamities, a recollection that we have abused the season of prosperity must add greatly to our distress; whereas a consciousness that we have endeavored to fulfill the duties of our station, must afford a rich consolation to the afflicted mind.

It was a matter of comfort to David under the persecutions that he met with from his inveterate enemies, that he had done nothing to provoke their enmity; and that, instead of retaliating their injuries even in thought or desire—he had tenderly felt for them in their troubles, and earnestly sought their welfare, Psalm 35:11-14.

To Job also this thought was a source of much comfort under his accumulated trials. In the passage before us he complains bitterly of his friends, and too rashly also concerning God. And the words of the text may be considered as reflecting on them for treating him otherwise than he had deserved. But we rather suppose the words were introduced as a consolatory reflection, that, though unkindly treated under his own afflictions, he could appeal to God he had conducted himself differently towards others, “Did not I weep for him who was in trouble? Was not my soul grieved for the poor?”

There are two observations naturally arising from these words, which we shall make the foundation of the following discourse:

I. The poor, when they are in trouble, are objects of great compassion.

The poor, while they enjoy their health, and are under no extraordinary pressure, are quite as happy as the rich. If they have fewer comforts, they do not feel the lack of them; and they are, in a great measure, strangers to those vexations and disappointments, which are the usual attendants of wealth. They, for the most part, enjoy their plain meal with a keener appetite and relish, than they who are fed with delicacies; and, while the richer and more luxurious are wakeful upon beds of down—the poor rest in comfort on a bed of straw, and “their sleep is sweet unto them.” If we had complete access both to the rich and poor, and could perfectly weigh the personal and domestic happiness of each, I am persuaded we should find the scale very generally turn in favor of the poor; for what they lose in respect of carnal indulgences, is more than made up to them by peace and contentment.

But when sickness comes, then the inconveniences of poverty begin to be deeply felt. The well-earned pittance which was adequate to the wants of a man and his family while in health, is utterly insufficient to procure medical assistance, and to provide those comforts which are requisite for the alleviation of pain, or the restoration of health and strength. The industrious husband finds all his exertions ineffectual; and is reduced to the necessity of leaving his wife or child to languish without help, or of plunging himself into inextricable difficulties by his endeavors to obtain a suitable, but uncertain, relief.

But suppose the head of the family himself to be seized with sickness; then, with increasing needs, there comes an increased incapacity to supply them. The little stream that before nourished and refreshed the family, is cut off, and ceases to flow in its accustomed channel. What now can he do? Perhaps it may be said “Let him apply to his parish for relief.” True, but it is painful to a generous mind to become burdensome to others. He who has been accustomed to maintain his family by his own labor, does not like to become a pensioner on the bounty of others without an absolute and irresistible necessity. He knows, possibly from his own experience, that many are obliged to pay for the support of others, while they themselves scarcely know how to provide for their own subsistence. Hence he nobly struggles with his difficulties; and carries the conflict perhaps beyond the bounds of prudence, while from tenderness to others he forgets the regard which he should show to himself and his own family.

Conceive, then, his distress. Behold him debilitated with disease, and racked with pain. Behold him destitute of the remedies that might remove his disorder. See him incurring debts which it will be difficult for him ever to discharge. Perhaps at last he applies for relief; and then is told, that, while he has this or that comfort, which the industry of former years had enabled him to procure, he cannot be relieved. See him then compelled to sell first one thing, then another; thus stripping himself and family of the little comforts that remained to them; and, after all, witnessing the privations, the needs, the miseries of his benumbed and starving dependents.

This is no uncommon picture; it is seen in every town, and almost in every village, through the kingdom; though, probably, less in this than in any other nation upon earth. And is not such a person an object of compassion? Who does not “weep over him, and whose soul is not grieved for him?”

Yes, we must declare to all, that,

II. To exercise compassion towards them is one of the principal duties of a Christian.

There is no duty more strongly inculcated than that of compassion to the poor; every species of argument is used in Scripture in order to enforce the observance of it.

1. Compassion to the poor is enforced by arguments taken from political expediency.

God does not disdain to urge upon us such considerations as are calculated to affect even a selfish mind.

Does not every one desire to relieve himself? This we do, in fact, when we relieve the poor; for all of us are members of one body; consequently our neighbor demands the same attention from us as ourselves, 1 Corinthians 12:25-26; and, in neglecting him, we “hide ourselves from our own flesh, Isaiah 58:7.”

Are not we ourselves liable to fall into adversity? No man knows what circumstances he may be brought into before he dies. We have seen in our day princes and nobles subsisting upon the charity of others, and many of them on a very slender pittance too. Would not we then, if reduced to poverty, desire to find compassion in the bosom of others? And, if so, ought we not to exercise it ourselves? Hebrews 13:3. Methinks our charity should be extended to the utmost verge of prudence and propriety, Ecclesiastes 11:1-2.

Would we desire Divine consolations under our afflictions? To be charitable to others is one way to secure them. Hear what God has said, “Blessed is the man who considers (not slightly pities, but with a deep interest in their welfare considers) the poor and needy; the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble. …The Lord will make all his bed in his sickness, Psalm 41:1-3. See also Isaiah 58:10-11. Draw out your soul, not your purse merely. What greater inducement to charity would we desire, than such a hope and prospect as this?

Would we get the best possible interest for our money? There is no such bank in the universe as this. To enrich ourselves by giving away, and by giving the very “first-fruits, and that too of all our increase,” may seem strange indeed; reason would say that it was the way to impoverish ourselves; but God tells us that it is the way to “fill our barns with plenty, and to make our presses burst out with new wine, Proverbs 13:7; Proverbs 3:9-10.” And experience proves that “if we give to others, men will in our necessity give into our bosom, good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over! Luke 6:38.”

To complete this argument. Would we keep our wealth forever? This is the way to do so. They who hoard up their riches must leave them all behind them, Luke 12:33; but they who dispose of their wealth in acts of charity, carry it with them into the eternal world, where it shall be restored to them with interest, Luke 18:22. They lend their money to the Lord, who has pledged himself to repay them in full, Proverbs 19:17,” yes, to recompense them in the resurrection of the just, Luke 14:12-14; and, provided they have acted from Christian principles, to give them eternal life 1 Timothy 6:17-19. He has even promised to proportion their harvest to the seed they have sown, 2 Corinthians 9:6. So that if “the children of light were as wise in their generation as the children of this world,” they would, like the poor widow, and the first Christians, be ready to give their whole substance to the poor.

2. Compassion to the poor is enforced by arguments taken from Christian necessity.

Here the arguments are far more forcible and impressive.

The exercise of charity is imposed on us, with the authority of a law, by Christ himself! And shall we despise that law? Yes rather, when it comes to us so recommended and enjoined, shall we not labor to the uttermost to fulfill it? This is an argument urged by the great Apostle, “Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ, Galatians 6:2.”

Our obedience to this law is the criterion whereby we must judge of our regard to Christ. Paul exhorts the Corinthians to liberality, in order “to prove the sincerity of their love, 2 Corinthians 8:8.” And John tells us that all our professions are hypocrisy, and all our experiences a delusion, if we do not exercise this virtue, 1 John 3:17. Would we then contentedly rest in a state, wherein all our pretensions to religion are vain? Would we proclaim to all men that we have no love to the Father or to Christ? If not, we must delight ourselves in doing good according to our ability.

Our exercise, or neglect, of charity will be the ground of the sentence that in the last day shall be passed upon us! The Judge of the living and dead informs us that the strictest inquiries will be made relative to this point; and that those who have not relieved him in his poor members, will be bidden to depart accursed; while they who have manifested a tender regard for the poor shall be welcomed by him as the children of his heavenly Father, and be exalted by him to the possession of his eternal kingdom, Matthew 25:34-46.

To the same effect he elsewhere says, “Blessed are the merciful; for they shall obtain mercy, Matthew 5:7;” and James, on the contrary part, says, “He shall have judgment without mercy, who has showed no mercy, James 2:13.”

Weigh now these considerations, and see if they do not amount to necessity; and whether we must not say, ‘Woe is unto me, if I do not cultivate a compassionate and liberal spirit!’

To CONCLUDE.

We have inculcated the necessity of liberality and compassion. But let us not be misunderstood; alms-giving does not make us Christians; but only proves us so. Nor does it prove us Christians, unless it arises from Christian principles. It is faith in Christ that makes us his; and obedience to his will proves us to be his.

But we must further guard the subject from mistake. It is not a transient emotion, or a falling tear, that will suffice, (for many will shed a tear at a moving tale, who have no principle of love in their hearts); but “our souls must be grieved” for the poor; we must lay to heart their needs and miseries, and make it our study and delight to administer to their relief.

Do not let any then be contented with approving the things which they have heard, or with wishing well to the institution that has been recommended to their care; for James justly says, “What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save him? Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to him, “Go, I wish you well; keep warm and well fed,” but does nothing about his physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead! James 2:14-17.” Such compassion will neither profit them nor you. Let such of you then as profess yourselves to be “God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved—clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience! Colossians 3:12.”

Yes, let all of us stir up within our own bosoms a tender concern for the welfare of our fellow-creatures; and so act now, that on our dying bed we may appeal to God himself, “Did not I weep for him who was in trouble? Was not my soul grieved for the poor?”

Charles Simeon

Job 30:23

“I know that you will bring me down to death, and to the house appointed for all living!”

We cannot certainly know the ultimate intentions of Providence from anything we either see or feel. A man to whom God has given a robust constitution, cannot therefore be sure that he shall attain to old age; nor can a man that is bowed down with complicated diseases, be certain that his health shall not be restored. Presumption too often attends to the former state, and despair attends to the latter; as appears in the instance of Job.

In his prosperity he said, “I shall die in my nest!” without living to experience any material trials; and in his adversity he felt confident that God, whom now he thought was his enemy, was bringing him down to the grave; and that his present troubles would terminate in death.

In both of these opinions he was mistaken; he did experience very heavy afflictions; and those were followed by brighter days of happiness than ever he had before known. But though he erred as to the expectations he had formed respecting the time and manner of his death, his general assertion was founded in truth, and conveys to us a most instructive lesson. Let us consider,

I. The truth affirmed.

Nothing can be more certain than that we shall all die.

The grave is “the house appointed for all living.” Adam was doomed to it for his transgression, Genesis 2:17; Genesis 3:19, and all his posterity have been involved in his sentence, Romans 5:12. It is not in the power of wisdom, or strength, or riches, to avert the stroke of death, Psalm 49:10, 11. All, whatever be their rank or condition, must pay the debt of nature, Ecclesiastes 8:8. Whether we have lived in a palace or a cottage, the grave is the house in which we must all abide at last. The righteous are, in this respect, on a par with the wicked, Romans 8:10. Zechariah 1:5. The moment that God says to any, “Your soul is required of you!” “his body must return to its native dust, and his spirit must return unto Him who gave it, Ecclesiastes 12:7.”

The certainty of death is a truth universally acknowledged.

Every one “knows” that he himself must die. We look back to the antediluvian world; and though we find that they lived eight or nine hundred years, they all died at last. Since that time, successive generations have come and passed away. Our own near ancestors are removed, and “their places know them no more.” There are few among us who have not, within a very few years, lost some friend or relative. And we all feel, that if we have not any grave illness at present, we are at least liable to those diseases and decays which are daily weakening the strongest constitutions, and executing the Divine appointments in bringing us to the grave.

The time of our death, as we observed before, is known to none; but the certainty of death is not for one moment doubted by any! “For the living know that they will die!” Ecclesiastes 9:5.

As this subject is so plain, we hasten to,

II. The improvement we should make of the certainty of death.

1. The certainty of death should moderate our regards to the things of this world.

Were our present possessions to abide with us forever, there were some reason for our eagerness respecting them; but, as they are so soon to be removed from us, or we from them, it is folly to let them occupy so large a portion of our affections.

We are not greatly elated with the comforts of an inn, where we are to stop but an hour; nor are we greatly depressed with any lack of comforts which we may find there; the thought of our stay there being so short, renders us comparatively indifferent to our present accommodations.

Thus the thought, that “the Lord is at hand,” should cause us to make “our moderation known unto all men, Philippians 4:5.” This is elsewhere enforced by the Apostle in relation to everything, whether pleasant or painful. All is but a pageant passing by; and whether the spectacle is mournful or joyous, it is scarcely sooner arrived that it vanishes from before our eyes, 1 Corinthians 7:29-31. Our joys and our sorrows will both appear light and momentary, when viewed in reference to the transitoriness of what is visible, and the endless duration of the things invisible! 2 Corinthians 4:17-18.

2. The certainty of death should make us diligent in preparing for the eternal world.

The time allotted us here, is given on purpose that we may prepare for another and a better state. If the present hour is not seized—then all opportunity of securing happiness in another world will be lost! Should not this thought stimulate us to activity in the concerns of our souls? Solomon was clearly of this opinion, Ecclesiastes 9:10; and so must every one, who reflects a moment on the comparative importance of time and eternity.

If we could return to earth after having once departed; or begin in the invisible world the work which we have neglected here—then we might have some excuse. But to know that death and the grave are ready to swallow us up, and yet to trifle with the interests of the soul, which, if neglected now, are gone forever—this, I say, is a madness, which credulity itself could never imagine to exist, if its existence were not daily and hourly before our eyes!

The prayer of Moses is that which reason dictates, and which God approves, “So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom, Psalm 90:12.”

ADDRESS.

1. To those who understand the certainty of death, and take it to heart.

Happy they whose minds are by meditation and prayer rendered familiar with death; and who know that while the grave is the receptacle of their bodies, they have for their souls a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens! Happy they who in the view of this are cleaving unto Christ with full purpose of heart. O that we all might be like-minded, living in a habitual dependence upon Christ, and in a zealous performance of his will! Then may we look forward to our dissolution with joy, accounting death our gain! Philippians 1:21, and placing it among our choicest treasures! 1 Corinthians 3:22.

2. To those who understand the certainty of death, and disregard it.

This, alas! forms the greater part of every congregation; insomuch that those who live consistent with this truth are gazed at “as signs and as wonders” in the world. But how foolish will this supineness appear in a little time? We do not positively say, that you will look with regret on your present conduct on your death-bed; for many die as stupid, as ignorant, and as hardened as they lived. But we are well assured, that you will have far other thoughts of your conduct as soon as you come into the presence of your Judge! Let me then entreat you to “redeem the present time,” and to “work while it is day; for the night comes wherein no man can work.”

Charles Simeon